Antibiotics & Selection

2′-C-Methylcytidine is a nucleoside analog with antiviral properties. It has shown be a potent replication inhibitor, in vivo, towards multiple RNA viruses including hepatitus C virus (HCV). 2′-C-Methylcytidine has been shown inhibit viral RNA polymerase, disrupting replicon formation and preventing viral proliferation. While 2′-C-Methycytidine is a strong antiviral, it has exhibited low oral bioavailability.

Product Specifications
2′-C-Methylcytidine
NM-107

Formula: C₁₀H₁₅N₃O₅

MW: 257.24 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 500902

NOT FOR HUMAN USE!!

5-Fluorocytosine is a fluorinated cytosine analog and antifungal agent. 5-fluorocytosine becomes 5-fluorouracil and is then incorporated into RNA, causing miscoding and inhibition of DNA synthesis. It is effective against Candida and Cryptococcus species and can be used as a negative selection agent in transgenic plants.

5-Fluorocytosine is often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Product Specifications
5-Fluorocytosine

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₄H₄FN₃O

MW: 129.09 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.  Protect from light.

PubChem Chemical ID: 3366

Actinomycin D is an antineoplastic antibiotic from Streptomyces species that inhibits cell proliferation by acting as a cytotoxic inducer of apoptosis against tumor cells, binding to DNA and inhibiting RNA polymerase activity. Actinomycin is also used in plant tissue culture to inhibit plant growth through tissue deformation where it also acts as an RNA-synthesis inhibitor. Along with its fluorescent derivative, 7aminoactinomycinD (7-AAD), Actinomycin is used to stain GC-rich regions of DNA for microscopy and flow cytometry applications.

Product Specifications
Actinomycin D

Formula: C₆₂H₈₆N₁₂O₁₆

MW: 1255.41 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 457193

Albendazole is a benzimidazole derivative typically used as a comprehensive antiparasitic belonging to the anthelminthic group and works by disrupting microtubule formation. Microtubule disruption diminishes glucose transport which increases glycogen catabolism. Eventually, this net loss of energy results in tissue death.

The resulting tissue death caused by microtubule formation is a sought after mechanism in oncology research. In vitro research of albendazole on HNSCC (head and neck squamous cancer cells) had shown cell cycle arrest in G2/M stage, resulting in apoptosis. Disruption of microtubule formation also prevented malignant cell migration.

Product Specifications
Albendazole
Methyl N-(6-propylsulfanyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate

Formula: C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₂S

MW: 265.33 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at room temperature.

PubChem Chemical ID: 2082

Amikacin hydrate is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a variety of enteric species. It is also effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Amikacin hydrate is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of amino groups attached to glycosides. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of the mRNA sequence and inhibition of translocation. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited.

Samples of microbes grown in the presence of a 30 μg amikacin disc with a zone of inhibition of <14 mm in diameter are considered resistant. Intermediate resistance zones of inhibition are typically 15 mm-16 mm in diameter.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Product Specifications
Amikacin Hydrate

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₂₂H₄₃N₅O₁₃ ∙ XH₂O

MW: 585.60 g/mol (anhydrous)

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at 2-8°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 37768

Amikacin sulfate (disulfate) is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a variety of enteric species. It is also effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Amikacin sulfate is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of amino groups attached to glycosides. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of the mRNA sequence and inhibition of translocation. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Product Specifications
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Disulfate

USP Grade

Formula: C₂₂H₄₃N₅O₁₃ ∙ 2H₂SO₄

MW: 781.76 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 19082597

Amoxicillin is an extended-spectrum ß-lactam antibiotic with a structure similar to that of ampicillin. It is effective against a variety of ß-lactamase negative bacteria including E. coli and various Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria. It is also effective against a variety of other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Amoxicillin sodium salt is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Penicillins are a type of β-lactam antibiotic consisting of a four-membered β-lactam ring bound to a five-membered thiazolidine ring. This two-ring system causes distortion of the β-lactam amide bond, resulting in decreased resonance stabilization and increased reactivity. β-lactams inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links within bacterial cell walls by targeting penicillin-binding proteins or PBPs. Consequently, the bacterial cell wall becomes weak and cytolysis occurs. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs in the presence of cells containing plasmid encoded extended spectrum β-lactamases or ESBLs.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Product Specifications
Amoxicillin Sodium Salt

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₆H₁₈N₃NaO₅S

MW: 387.39 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 23663126

Amoxicillin is an extended-spectrum ß-lactam antibiotic with a structure similar to that of ampicillin. It is effective against a variety of ß-lactamase negative bacteria including E. coli and various Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria. It is also effective against a variety of other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Penicillins are a type of β-lactam antibiotic consisting of a four-membered β-lactam ring bound to a five-membered thiazolidine ring. This two-ring system causes distortion of the β-lactam amide bond, resulting in decreased resonance stabilization and increased reactivity. β-lactams inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links within bacterial cell walls by targeting penicillin-binding proteins or PBPs. Consequently, the bacterial cell wall becomes weak and cytolysis occurs. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs in the presence of cells containing plasmid encoded extended spectrum β-lactamases or ESBLs.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Product Specifications
Amoxicillin, Trihydrate

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S • 3H₂O

MW: 419.45 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.  Soluble in water.

PubChem Chemical ID: 62883

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate combines an extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic with a β-lactamase inhibitor. Amoxicillin is an extended-spectrum ß-lactam antibiotic with a structure similar to that of ampicillin. It is effective against a variety of ß-lactamase negative bacteria including E. coli and various Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria; however, when combined with clavulanic acid, ß-lactamase enzymes are irreversibly inactivated. Consequently, amoxicillin/clavulanate is effective against ß-lactamase-negative and ß-lactamase-positive bacteria.

Penicillins are a type of β-lactam antibiotic consisting of a four-membered β-lactam ring bound to a five-membered thiazolidine ring. This two-ring system causes distortion of the β-lactam amide bond, resulting in decreased resonance stabilization and increased reactivity. β-lactams inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links within bacterial cell walls by targeting penicillin-binding proteins or PBPs. Consequently, the bacterial cell wall becomes weak and cytolysis occurs. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs in the presence of cells containing plasmid encoded extended spectrum β-lactamases or ESBLs.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Product Specifications
Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate
Augmentin® (by GSK)

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₂₄H₂₇KN₄O₁₀S

MW: 602.66 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at 2-8°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 23665637

Ampho99 is the purest form of amphotericin B available and should be used for the most sensitive applications. In general, GoldBio’s USP Grade amphotericin B will not adversely affect your cells and is suitable for most experiments.

Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal isolated from Streptomyces species. While it has been suggested that Amphotericin B interacts with ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane leading to an altered cell membrane permeability and death, more recent studies show that the mechanism behind amphotericin B’s fungicidal activity is more complex. It is most effective against fungi and yeast and is often used against opportunistic fungal infections and leishmaniasis. Additionally, amphotericin B can be used to prevent growth of F. oxysporum in chickpea and P. triticina in wheat. It is soluble in acidic and basic conditions.

Product Specifications
Ampho99
Amphotericin B

Formula: C₄₇H₇₃NO₁₇

MW: 924.08 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.  Soluble in DMSO or DMF.  This product is light sensitive.

PubChem Chemical ID: 5280965

Solubilized amphotericin B is a mixture of 45% amphotericin B, 35% sodium deoxycholate, and 10% phosphate buffer.

Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal isolated from Streptomyces species. While it has been suggested that Amphotericin B interacts with ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane leading to an altered cell membrane permeability and death, more recent studies show that the mechanism behind amphotericin B’s fungicidal activity is more complex. It is most effective against fungi and yeast and is often used against opportunistic fungal infections and leishmaniasis. Additionally, amphotericin B can be used to prevent growth of F. oxysporum in chickpea and P. triticina in wheat.

Amphotericin B is often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Product Specifications
Amphotericin B, Solubilized

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₄₇H₇₃NO₁₇

MW: 924.08 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C. This product is light sensitive.

PubChem Chemical ID: 5280965

Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal isolated from Streptomyces species. While it has been suggested that Amphotericin B interacts with ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane leading to an altered cell membrane permeability and death, more recent studies show that the mechanism behind amphotericin B’s fungicidal activity is more complex. It is most effective against fungi and yeast and is often used against opportunistic fungal infections and leishmaniasis. Additionally, amphotericin B can be used to prevent growth of F. oxysporum in chickpea and P. triticina in wheat.

Amphotericin B is often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Product Specifications
Amphotericin B, USP Grade

Formula: C₄₇H₇₃NO₁₇

MW: 924.08 g/mol

This product is soluble in DMSO or DMF

PubChem CID: 5280965

Ampicillin sodium is a member of the extended-spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. It is used in the selection of antibiotic cell hybrids and has a high rate of action against many gram-negative bacterial strains. Ampicillin sodium targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. It has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation. Ampicillin Sodium is freely soluble in water.

β-lactams inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links within bacterial cell walls by targeting penicillin-binding proteins or PBPs. Consequently, the bacterial cell wall becomes weak and cytolysis occurs. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs in the presence of cells containing plasmid encoded extended spectrum β-lactamases or ESBLs.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

Product Specifications
Sodium Ampicillin in H₂O
(100 mg/mL Premade Solution, 0.2 µm Sterile Filtered)

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: NaC₁₆H₁₈N₃O₄S

MW: 371.39 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C

PubChem Chemical ID: 23663979

Ampicillin sodium is a member of the extended-spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. It is used in the selection of antibiotic cell hybrids and has a high rate of action against many gram-negative bacterial strains. Ampicillin sodium targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. It has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation. Ampicillin Sodium is freely soluble in water.

β-lactams inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links within bacterial cell walls by targeting penicillin-binding proteins or PBPs. Consequently, the bacterial cell wall becomes weak and cytolysis occurs. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs in the presence of cells containing plasmid encoded extended spectrum β-lactamases or ESBLs.

The Ampicillin (Sodium) EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a set amount of sterile ampicillin (sodium) solution. The kit includes pre-weighed ampicillin (sodium) powder, a sterile filter, and a sterile container for the filtered solution. No need to calculate, simply add the stated amount of deionized H₂O, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage. The EZ Pak™ includes high quality GoldBio ampicillin (sodium) and the sterile solution is ready for tissue culture, bacterial media, or other appropriate use.

The 25 ml, 50 ml, and 100 ml require a vacuum manifold for easy vacuum filtering, while 10 ml pack size comes with a syringe filter.