Culture Media Additives

2-Deoxy-D-ribose is a reducing sugar that is incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It is a degradation product of thymidine generated by thymidine phosphorylase. 2-Deoxy-D-ribose inhibits apoptosis induced by hypoxia by suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1a. It also promotes angiogenesis and the chemotactic activity of endothelial cells. Thus, inhibition of 2-Deoxy-D-ribose is being explored in anti-cancer treatments. 2-Deoxy-D-ribose also induces apoptosis in human fibroblasts by depleting intracellular levels of reduced glutathione and causing oxidative stress while disturbing the cytoskeletal structure.

Product Specifications
2-Deoxy-D-ribose;
Thyminose;
2-Deoxy-D-arabinose;
Deoxyribose;
2-Deoxy-D-erythro-pentose;

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₅H₁₀O₄

MW: 134.13 g/mol

Slightly off-white crystalline powder.

PubChem Chemical ID: 5460005

Storage/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.

2-keto-D-gluconic acid is found in the carrageenan polysaccharide of Irish moss and can be used as a stabilizer in the storage of biological materials. 2-keto-D-gluconic acid exhibits antimicrobial properties against species of Pseudomonas that cause plant disease. Genes for metabolism of 2-keto-d-gluconic acid are controlled by the UxuR regulon in E. coli. 2-keto-D-gluconic acid is converted to D-mannonate by the enzyme fructuronate reductase (EC 1.1.1.57). 2-keto-D-gluconic acid hemicalcium salt can be used to make D-erythorbic acid using an α-amylase enzyme. It can also be used to prepare D-ribulose and D-arabinose by heating in pyridine with a nickel acetate catalyst.

Product Specifications
2-Keto-D-gluconic acid, hemicalcium salt monohydrate;
D-Arabino-2-hexulopyranosonic acid hemicalcium salt monohydrate;
Calcium 2-keto-D-gluconate hydrate;
Fructuronic acid;

Formula: 2 C₆H₉O₇ • Ca • 2 H₂O

MW: 462.38 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C.

Adenine is sparingly soluble (1 mg/ml) purine nucleobase involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and comprises one of the five nitrogenous bases involved in nucleic acid synthesis. In addition, adenine serves as the purine base in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a major unit of energy involved in cellular metabolism. Adenine also plays a role in cellular metabolism as a component to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).

Because of the extensive role adenine plays in cells, it is commonly used as a cell culture additive.

Product Specifications
Adenine

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₅H₅N₅

MW: 135.13 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 190

Air shipments may require special packaging and a small additional box charge.

Adenine hemisulfate acts as a cytokinin biosynthesis precursor and is frequently used in plant tissue culture.

The plant hormone cytokinin is predominantly found and produced in plant root tips and facilitates cell division and shoot formation and delays leaf senescence.

Product Specifications
Adenine Hemisulfate

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₅H₅N₅ ∙ 0.5H₂SO₄

MW: 184.16 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C.

PubChem Chem ID: 9449

Adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP) plays an important role in cellular metabolic processes as it is a precursor to adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP).

The phosphate in AMP can be correlated with ATP and ADP. AMP contains only one phosphate group attached at the 5’ position, whereas ATP consists of three phosphate groups attached in series to the 5’carbon location, and ADP contains two phosphate groups attached to the 5’ position. AMP can also have an activating effect on a class of protein kinases known as AMP-activated protein kinases, or AMPKs.

Product Specifications
Adenosine-5′-monophosphate, Disodium hexahydrate, Ultra Pure
AMP

Formula: C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₇PNa₂ ∙ 6 H₂O

MW: 499.19 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at – 20 °C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 20712

Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule in vivo for energy storage and metabolism and is often called the “molecular unit of currency” of intracellular energy transfer. ATP is a coenzyme in multiple reactions as well as a substrate for multiple kinases where it helps to propagate a signal either inside or outside of the cell.

The three phosphates in ATP can be correlated with ADP and AMP. ATP consists of three phosphate groups attached in series to the 5’carbon location, whereas ADP contains two phosphate groups attached to the 5’ position, and AMP contains only one phosphate group attached at the 5’ position.

Product Specifications
Adenosine-5′-triphosphate, Disodium trihydrate, Ultra Pure
ATP

Formula: C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₁₃P₃Na₂ ∙ 3 H₂O

MW: 605.19 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 44134518

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside (comprising a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule) and neurotransmitter that can act as the preferred agonist at adenosine A receptor subtypes. The function of adenosine is primarily for cytoprotection and for preventing tissue damage in response to stress or injury.

Product Specifications
Adenosine, Free Base

HIGH PURITY GRADE

Formula: C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄

MW: 267.24 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 60961

Adonitol, also known as ribitol, is the reduced alcohol form of ribose. Adonitol is found in plants of the genus Adonis, from which the molecule takes its name. It is a component of teichoic acids found in the cell walls of Gram positive bacteria. Adonitol is also a moiety present in riboflavin (vitamin B2). Adonitol is commonly used in media for cryopreservation and lyophilization of cells. It is metabolized by some microbes, but not others so an adonitol fermentation test can be used to help identify an unknown microbial organism.

Product Specifications
Adonitol;
Ribitol;
Adonite;

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₅H₁₂O₅

MW: 152.15 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at 4°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 6912

GoldBio’s Reagent Grade, Fatty Acid Free BSA is ideally suited for fatty acid sensitive cell culture systems, such as CHO, Vero and MDCK cells, as well as for the most sensitive diagnostic and research applications. Our BSA is protease free and certified TSE free, manufactured in the United States in a closed loop system from USDA-inspected, healthy animals located in the US.

GoldBio BSA is a highly purified, lyophilized albumin, suitable for Westerns, enzyme systems, protein standards, hybridizations and as a protease-sensitive immunoassays. It is also perfectly suitable as a nutrient in cell culture media, with low interference and backgrounds and is ideal for most standard molecular biology experiments. BSA protein is a single polypeptide chain consisting of ~583 amino acid residues and no carbohydrates and is approximately 66 kDa in size.  Fraction V refers to the fifth fraction of the original Cohn purification of plasma proteins using cold ethanol precipitation and is still commonly used as a name for bovine serum albumin regardless of purification method.

Reagent Grade BSA Applications:

• Protease-sensitive Immunoassays such as RIA, EIA, Fluorescent and Chemiluminescent
• Protein Standard, Diluent
• Protein, Conjugate or Enzyme Stabilizer
• Hybridization, nucleic acid-based assays Fatty acid sensitive cell culture systems

Product Specifications
Albumin Bovine Serum, Fraction V
BSA, Bovine Albumin

REAGENT GRADE / FATTY ACID FREE / PROTEASE FREE / IgG FREE

MW: ~66 kDa

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C.

GoldBio BSA is a highly purified, lyophilized albumin, suitable for Westerns, enzyme systems, protein standards, hybridizations and as a protease-sensitive immunoassays.  It is also perfectly suitable as a nutrient in cell culture media, with low interference and backgrounds and is ideal for most standard molecular biology experiments.  BSA protein is a single polypeptide chain consisting of ~583 amino acid residues and no carbohydrates and is approximately 66 kDa in size.  Fraction V refers to the fifth fraction of the original Cohn purification of plasma proteins using cold ethanol precipitation and is still commonly used as a name for bovine serum albumin regardless of purification method.

Our BSA is protease and certified TSE free, manufactured in the United States in a closed loop system from USDA-inspected, healthy animals located in the US.

Product Specifications
Albumin Bovine Serum, Fraction V
BSA, Bovine Albumin

BIOTECHNOLOGY GRADE

MW: ~66 kDa

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C.

C-390 is an antibacterial agent which is used for selective isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from other bacterial species.

Product Specifications
C-390
9-chloro-9-(4-diethylamino) phenyl-9,10-dihydro-10-phenylacridine hydrochloride
4-(9-chloro-9,10-dihydro-10-phenyl-9-acridinyl)-N,N-diethyl-benzeneamine

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

C ₂₉H₂₇ClN₂ · 1.4 HCl

MW: 490.05 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at room temperature and protect from light.

PubChem ID:93461

Chenodeoxycholic acid is one of the primary bile acids produced by humans. Bile acids or bile salts are intestinal, natural detergents; their main function is to solubilize lipids in the digestive processes. The major action of a bile salt, such as chenodeoxycholic acid, is to form micelles in order to emulsify fats and oils. Chenodeoxycholic acid also acts as a hormone-like ligand for the nuclear farnesoid X receptor which regulates transcription of many genes. Bile acids are used in bacteriological culture media as a selective inhibitory agent. Most aerobic enteric bacteria are resistant to the inhibitory effects of chenodeoxycholic acid.

Product Specifications
Chenodeoxycholic acid;
3-α, 7-α-Dihydroxy-5-β-cholanic acid;

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₂₄H₄₀O₄

MW: 392.58 g/mol

PubChem CID: 10133

Storage/Handling:  Store at 5°C.

Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic natural product isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants, including the coffee bean. Chlorogenic acid is an important factor in plant metabolism. It is also an antioxidant and an inhibitor of the tumor promoting activity of phorbol esters. It has wide anti-virus and anti-bacterial effects. It can be used to differentiate bacteria based on the ability to hydrolyze chlorogenic acid.

Chlorogenic acid
1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 3-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamate)

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

C₁₆H₁₈O₉

MW: 354.320 g/mol

Off-white crystalline powder

PubChem ID:1794427

Choline chloride is an essential nutrient commonly found in eggs, chicken and a number of other foods. Choline chloride is soluble in aqueous solution at 3.7 mg/ml

Choline serves as a precursor component to two major cell membrane components: phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. In addition, choline also functions as a methyl group donor to several different substrates. Because of its role in normal cellular processes, choline chloride can be used as a cell culture media supplement.

Product Specifications
Choline Chloride, USP Grade

Formula: C₅H₁₄ClNO

MW: 139.62 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store under inert gas at 4°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 6209

Cytochrome C is a hemoprotein that is found in animal cells in the mitochondrial protein-lipid complex. Cytochrome C is extracted from porcine heart, and further purified by chromatographic method to remove contaminating proteases.

Cytochrome C is an important component in the electron transport chain of the mitochondria. Cytochrome C also plays a role in cellular oxidation and respiration.

This protein has a role in apoptosis pathways, as it is released from the mitochondria to indicate that the apoptosis process has begun.

Product Specifications
Cytochrome C

BIOTECHNOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₄₂H₅₄FeN₈O₆S₂

MW: 886.90 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C. Allow product to come to room temperature before opening.

D-Arabinose is a five-carbon reducing sugar. It is a constituent of arabinogalactans that make up the cell wall of mycobacteria. It is also a substrate for D-erythroascorbic acid biosynthesis in yeast. D-arabinose is converted to D-ribulose by an arabinose isomerase enzyme, which can then be phosphorylated and enter the pentose phosphate pathway. As opposed to most other sugars, D-arabinose, featured here, is actually less commonly found in nature than L-arabinose.

Product Specifications
D-Arabinose;
D-Pectinose;

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₅H₁₀O₅

MW: 150.13 g/mol

PubChem CID: 66308

Storage/Handling: Store at room temperature.