Luciferin, Caged Luciferin And Coelenterazine

Coelenterazine is a luminophore found in aquatic organisms and is the substrate for many luciferase enzymes, including Renilla reniformis, Gaussia and aequorins. It is commonly used for bioluminescent calcium detection and the monitoring of reporter genes in BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer), ELISA and HTS methods as well as chemiluminescent detection of superoxide anions and peroxynitrite in cells or tissues.

Product Specifications:
Coelenterazine, native;
2-(p-Hydroxybenzyl)-6-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-8-benzyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-(7H)-one

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formua: C₂₆H₂₁N₃O₃

MW: 423.46 g/mol

Purity: >95% by TLC

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C, and protect from light. Keep under inert gas.
Soluble in methanol or ethanol (NOT in DMSO).
Note: It is not recommended to store dissolved coelenterazine at -20°C or -70°C. Coelenterazine is a high energy dioxetanone ring structure that will spontaneously decompose even at low temperatures.

PubChem Chemical ID: 2830

Coelenterazine 400A is a derivative of coelenterazine and is a good substrate for Renilla reniformis luciferase (RLuc), but does not oxidize well with Gaussia (GLuc). It is the preferred substrate for BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer) since its emission maximum of 400nm has minimal interference with the GFP emission.

Product Specifications:
Coelenterazine 400 a
2,8-Dibenzyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[1,2a]pyrazin-3-(7H)-one
DeepBlueC^TM

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₂₆H₂₁N₃O

MW: 391.48 g/mol

Purity: >95% by TLC

Color: Yellow to orange powder

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C, and protect from light. Keep under inert gas.
Soluble in methanol or ethanol (NOT in DMSO).
Note: It is not recommended to store dissolved coelenterazine 400a at -20°C or -70°C. Coelenterazine 400a is a high energy dioxetanone ring structure that will spontaneously decompose even at low temperatures.

PubChem Chemical ID: 22832089

Tested and Certified for in vivo imaging (See “Luciferin FAQ” in additional information)

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg²⁺ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.

Firefly Luciferin is identical to Beetle Luciferin. (See “Additional Information” for structures.)

Product Specifications:
D-Luciferin Firefly, free acid
4,5-Dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₁H₈N₂O₃S₂

MW: 280.33 g/mol

Color: Off white to light yellow powder

Purity: >99% pure

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C. Protect from light.

PubChem Chemical ID: 5484207

Note: The Free Acid form of luciferin will not dissolve in water unless a dilute base such as NaOH, KOH, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate is added to adjust the pH. The potassium or sodium salts of luciferin are more convenient for experiments, particularly for in vivo imaging, since they readily dissolve in water or buffer.

Tested and Certified for in vivo imaging (See “Luciferin FAQ” in additional information) Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg²⁺ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain. Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI). Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays. Firefly Luciferin is identical to Beetle Luciferin. (See “Additional Information” for structures.) Product Specifications: D-Luciferin, Potassium Salt, 4,5-Dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid potassium salt,   MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE (Premium Pure) Formula: KC ₁₁H₇N₂O₃S₂ MW: 318.42 g/mol Color: Light yellow powder Purity: >99% pure. (Quality verified by nine independent criteria including HPLC and FTIR.) Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C. Protect from light. PubChem Chemical ID: 44134804

GoldBio Luciferase Assay Buffer (TMCA Buffer)	Final Conc.
Tris-HCl, Ph 7.8	100mM
MgCl2	5mM
Coenzyme A (CoA) (hydrate)	0.25mM
ATP (disodium salt hydrate)	0.15mM

For the full recipe and instructions, go to GoldBio’s Luciferin in vitro Handbook.

Tested and Certified for in vivo imaging (See “Luciferin FAQ” in additional information) Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg²⁺ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain. Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI). Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays. Firefly Luciferin is identical to Beetle Luciferin. (See “Additional Information” for structures.) Product Specifications: D-Luciferin, Sodium Salt 4,5-Dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid sodium salt MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE (Premium Pure) Formula: NaC₁₁H₇N₂O₃S₂ · H₂O MW: 320.32 g/mol Color: Light yellow powder Purity: >99% pure (Quality verified by nine independent criteria including HPLC and FTIR.) Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C. Protect from light. PubChem Chemical ID: 23710675

GoldBio Luciferase Assay Buffer (TMCA Buffer)	Final Conc.
Tris-HCl, Ph 7.8	100mM
MgCl 2	5mM
Coenzyme A (CoA) (hydrate)	0.25mM
ATP (disodium salt hydrate)	0.15mM

For the full recipe and instructions, go to GoldBio’s Luciferin in vitro Handbook.

Tested and Certified for in vivo imaging (See “Luciferin FAQ” in additional information)

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of the luciferase . This substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg²⁺ as cofactors and emits a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

DMNPE-caged luciferin can be used to measure intracellular functions since it readily crosses cell membranes. Once it is inside the cell, active luciferin can be released by UV light or by the action of endogenous intracellular esterases. DMNPE-caged luciferin makes it easier to follow the changes in gene expression in live cells. It can also be used in combination with DMNPE-caged ATP.

Product Specifications:
DMNPE-caged Luciferin
D-Luciferin 1- (4,5-dimethoxy-2- nitrophenyl) ethyl ester

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Color: Light yellow powder

Formula: C₂₁H₁₉N₃O₇S₂

MW: 489.53 g/mol

Soluble in DMSO or DMF.

Storage: Store desiccated at -20°C, and protect from light.

Tested and Certified for in vivo imaging (See “Luciferin FAQ” in additional information)

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg²⁺ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of Luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.

L-Luciferin is the chiralic sister to D-luciferin. While most researchers claim that L-luciferin does not produce any light, Lembert has reported that it produces a very weak and extremely slow manifesting light (Lembert, 1996). Nakamura suggested that an enzyme system incorporating luciferase might be responsible for changing the chirality of the L-luciferin to D-luciferin (Nakamura et al., 2006) (See Reference Library).

Product Specifications:
L-Luciferin, Potassium Salt
4,5-Dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid potassium salt

Forms a yellow, clear solution when dissolved 1% in water.

Formula: C₁₁H₇N₂O₃S₂K

MW: 318.42 g/mol

Color: Light yellow powder

Purity: >98% by HPLC

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated in -20°C, and protect from light.