Plant Research

28-homo-brassinolide is a plant hormone from a class of polyhydroxysteroids that has been shown to have a protective role in plants under various stress situations; showing significant improvement of plant growth, water uptake, photosynthesis and yield. 28-homo-brassinolide has been shown to be the most effective of any of the brassinosteroids in mitigating plant stress effects from natural conditions such as chilling, drought, heat or salinity.

Brassinosteriods are a group of plant hormones that occur naturally in the plant kingdom. They have a variety of physiological roles including cell division and elongation, gene regulation, photosynthesis, senescence, enzyme activation and growth.

Product Specifications
28-homo-brassinolide
22(S),23(S)-Homobrassinolide
Isohomobrassinolide

Formula C₂₉H₅₀O₆

MW: 494.70 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at room temperature.

PubChem Chemical ID: 11409314

4-CPPU is a cytokinin class plant growth regulator that is used to promote plant cell division. This compound has been used to increase embryogenic potential by inducing somatic embryogenesis, assist in plant callus production and investigate effects on plant biomass growth. 4-CPPU has also been shown to stimulate organogenesis in some plant species, such as Rubus.

4-CPPU increases plant growth by inhibiting cytokine oxidase, a regulator of cytokinin activity. The exact type of inhibition has not yet been elucidated. Researchers have found 4-CPPU to function as a competitive inhibitor, while others have found it to behave as a noncompetitive inhibitor.

Product Specifications
4-CPPU
Forchlorfenuron
N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea

Formula: C₁₂H₁₀ClN₃O

MW: 247.68 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at 4°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 93379

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The plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) comprise a class of growth regulators involved in the stress response, senescence, photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation and mobilization, as well as modulation of a plant tissue’s ability to act as a sink or source of metabolites.

CKs are recognized by a subset of sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and the signal is transmitted to the nucleus via a multistep phosphorelay (MSP), thus activating the expression of target genes

Product Specifications
6-Benzyladenine
6-BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
N6-Benzyladenine

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₂H₁₁N₅

MW: 225.25 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C.

Selected References

• Werner T, Schmulling T (2009) Cytokinin action in plant development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 12: 527-538
• Hwang I, Sheen J, Muller B (2012) Cytokinin signaling networks. Annual review of plant biology 63: 353-380

Abscisic Acid is a naturally occuring plant hormone involved in plant growth and stress response. It is produced partially via the mevalonic pathway in chloroplasts and other plastids. The production of ABA is accentuated by stress, including water loss or freezing temperatures. The activation of ABA can occur by one of two methods: 1) an ABA-glucose ester can form by attachment of glucose to ABA, or 2) the oxidation of ABA can occur to form phaseic acid and dihyhdrophaseic acid.

The transport of ABA can occur in both xylem and phloem tissues, and it can also be translocated through paranchyma cells. Some functions of ABA include stimulating the closure of stomata, Inhibition of shoot growth, induction of seeds to synthesize storage proteins, inhibition of the effect of gibberellins and the induction of gene transcription in response to wounding (especially for proteinase inhibitors).

Product Specifications:
(+)-cis, trans-Abscisic acid (ABA, ABK)
(+)-Abscisic Acid
Dormin, Abscisin II
(S)-5-(1-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-3-methyl-[2Z,4E]-pentadienoic acid

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₅H₂₀O₄

MW: 264.32 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C. Protect from light.

PubChem Chem ID: 5280896

Amiprophos Methyl is used as antimicrotubule herbicide for the production of double haploid plants from anther-derived maize callus.

Product Specifications
Amiprophos Methyl

Formula: C₁₁H₁₇N₂O₄PS

MW: 304.30 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C.

Duchefa Gelrite^TM is a naturally derived gelling polymer that can be used in a variety of applications as a solidification agent instead of agar. Produced by microbial fermentation, Gelrite^TM is a highly purified, natural anionic polysaccharide with the variations commonly associated with agar. Gelrite^TM forms rigid, brittle, agar-like gels at approximately half the use level of agar in presence of soluble salt like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. Gels prepared with Gelrite™ are remarkably clear in comparison to those formed with agar. Gelrite^TM contains no contaminating matters (e.g., phenolic compounds) as found in agar that are toxic to certain sensitive organisms.

1-Phenyl-3-(1,2,3,-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea
C₉H₈N₄OS
CAS # 51707-55-2
MW: 220.2 g/mol

Thidiazuron is a cytokinin growth regulator.

Storage/Handling: Store powder at room temperature and liquid at 2-8 °C.
Soluble in DMSO
Sterilization by filtration
Use at a concentration of 0.001-0.05 mg/L

Epibrassinolide is a plant steroid hormone of the brassinosteroid family. Its functions include protection from environmental stressors and altering the metabolism under a variety of conditions. Epibrassinolide has been shown to decrease toxicity and stimulate healthy plant growth in plants under stress.

Product Specifications
Epibrassinolide

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₂₈H₄₈O₆

MW: 480.68 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C.

PubChem Chemical ID: 53487890

Gibberellic Acid, also called Gibberellin A3, is a plant hormone in the family of gibberellins, a large class of naturally ocuring tetracyclic diterpene acids which promote cell growth and development. In small concentrations, GA3 is a potent, dihydroxylated gibberellin which commonly used in the triggering of seed germination, stem differentiation and plant maturation.GA3 is widely used to promote the production of larger grape bunches or the induction of other fruit without pollination or seed development.

Quick-Dissolve^TM Gibberellic Acid is a special formulation developed at GoldBio that dissolves more easily in water than standard gibberellic Acid. In our lab, KOH is not required to drive the Quick-Dissolve^TM Gibberellic Acid into solution.

Product Specifications
(GA3); Gibberellin A3

Formula: C₁₉H₂₂O₆

MW: 346.37 g/mol

RESEARCH USE ONLY

Gibberellic Acid 3 is a growth regulator.

Storage/Handling: Store powder at room temperature. Store liquid at 2-8°C. Gibberellic Acid is soluble in water. Sterilize by filtration with a working concentration of 0.01-5.0 mg/L.

Selected References
Müller B, Sheen J (2008). Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis. Nature, 453(7198):1094-7

Hwang I, Sheen J, Müller B (2012) Cytokinin signaling networks. Annual review of plant biology 63: 353-380

Gibberellic Acid 4 + 7 is a growth regulator that acts by stimulating rapid stem and root growth, induces mitotic division in the leaves of some plants and increase seed germination rate.

Product Specifications
Gibberellic Acid 4+7

RESEARCH USE ONLY

Concentrations:
Gibberellic Acid A4 – ~60.0%
Gibberellic Acid A7 – ~30.0%

Storage/Handling: Store powder at room temperature. Store liquid at 4°C.
Soluble in ethanol.

Sterilize by filtration.
Used at a concentration of 0.01-5.0 mg/L.

IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) is the abundant and well known plant hormone of the auxin class.IAA is predominantly produced in the apical bud of and young leaves of plants and is known to be an inducer of cell division and elongation.IAA, as well as most other auxins, are also known to act in concert with, or in opposition to, other plant hormones. For example, the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in certain plant tissues determines initiation of root versus shoot buds.

Auxin concentration varies depending on the part of the plant and the various concentrations are strictly regulated by the plant. The regulation of the auxin concentrations creates a pattern-like system which helps determine plant growth and development. IAA is often used in horticulture to promote adventitious root growth and are used commercially to create root stem cuttings and to promote uniform fruit and flowering growth.

Product Specifications
3-Indoleacetic acid; IAA; Heteroauxin
Auxin

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₀H₉NO₂

MW: 175.18 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store powder or liquid at 2-8°C. Soluble in ethanol or 1N NaOH. Solution can be autoclaved or filtered (nylon filter).

PubChem CID: 802

Selected References

• Werner T, Schmulling T (2009) Cytokinin action in plant development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 12: 527-538
• Müller B, Sheen J (2008). Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis. Nature, 453(7198):1094-7
• Hwang I, Sheen J, Müller B (2012) Cytokinin signaling networks. Annual review of plant biology 63: 353-380

IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) is a plant hormone belonging to the auxin family and assists in initiating root formation; the in vitro process is called micropropagation. Aside from accelerating root formation, it is used on various crops to stimulate flower development and the growth of fruits. This ultimately increases crop yields.

Historically, products that contained IBA were used to protect plants during transplantation by stimulating root growth and decreasing shock.

Product Specifications
Indole-3-butyric acid
4-(3-Indolyl)butyric acid

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₂H₁₃NO₂

MW: 203.24 g/mol

Color/Purity: Off-white

PubChem Chemical ID: 8617
U.S. EPA PC Code: 046701

Storage/Handling: Store at 4°C. Protect from light.

Selected References
Müller B, Sheen J (2008). Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis. Nature, 453(7198):1094-7

Hwang I, Sheen J, Müller B (2012). Cytokinin signaling networks. Annual review of plant biology 63: 353-380

Indole-3-acetyl-L-isoleucine is a conjugate of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and can be used as a plant growth regulator.

Product Specifications
Indole-3-acetyl-L- isoleucine
IA-Ile

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₆H₂₀N₂O₃

MW: 288.35 g/mol

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C. Protect from light.

PubChem CID: 644226

Through inhibition of superoxide dismutase, IPA has shown to protect against oxidative damage in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells. IPA has also shown to protect against death caused by exposure to amyloid β-protein in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells.

Product Specifications
IPA
Indole-3-propionic acid
3-(3-Indolyl)propanoic acid

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₁H₁₁NO₂

MW: 189.22 g/mol

Color: Off-white to yellowish crystalline powder

Storage/Handling: Store at -20°C. Protect from light.

PubChem CID: 3744

Selected References
Chyan Y., Poeggeler B., Omar R.A., Chain D.G., Frangione B., Ghiso J., Pappolla M.A. (1999). Potent Neuroprotective Properties against the Alzheimer Amyloid by an Endogenous Melatonin-related Indole Structure, Indole-3-propionic Acid. J. Biol. Chem 274: 21937-42.

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE ON HUMANS.

Kinetin is a plant hormone that promotes cell division. It is part of a group of hormones called cytokinins.

The plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) comprise a class of growth regulators involved in the stress response, senescence, photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation and mobilization, as well as modulation of a plant tissue’s ability to act as a sink or source of metabolites.

CKs are recognized by a subset of sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and the signal is transmitted to the nucleus via a multistep phosphorelay (MSP), thus activating the expression of target genes.

Product Specification
Kinetin
6-Furfurylaminopurine
N6-Furfuryladenine

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE

Formula: C₁₀H₉N₅O

MW: 215.21 g/mol

Color: White to off-white crystalline powder

Storage/Handling: Store powder at 2-8°C and liquid at 0°C. Solution can be autoclaved or filtered.

Selected References
Werner T, Schmulling T (2009) Cytokinin action in plant development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 12: 527-538.

Müller B, Sheen J (2008). Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis. Nature, 453(7198):1094-7.

Hwang I, Sheen J, Müller B (2012) Cytokinin signaling networks. Annual review of plant biology 63: 353-380.